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pepper
| Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family
Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as
a spice and seasoning. In dried form, the fruit is often referred to as
peppercorns. Peppercorns, and the powdered pepper derived from grinding
them, may be described as black pepper, white pepper, red/pink pepper,
and green pepper, though the terms pink peppercorns, red pepper, and
green pepper are also used to describe the fruits of other, unrelated
plants. Black pepper is native to South India (Tamil: milagu, மிளகு;Malayalam:Kuru Mulaku;Telugu: miriyam, మిరియం;Konkani: Miriya Konu;) and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. The fruit, known as a peppercorn when dried, is a small drupe five millimetres in diameter, dark red when fully mature, containing a single seed. Dried ground pepper is one of the most common spices in European cuisine and its descendants, having been known and prized since antiquity for both its flavour and its use as a medicine. The spiciness of black pepper is due to the chemical piperine. Ground black peppercorn, usually referred to simply as "pepper", may be found on nearly every dinner table in some parts of the world, often alongside table salt. The word "pepper" is derived from the Sanskrit pippali, the word for long pepper[2] via the Latin piper which was used by the Romans to refer both to pepper and long pepper, as the Romans erroneously believed that both of these spices were derived from the same plant. The English word for pepper is derived from the Old English pipor. The Latin word is also the source of German pfeffer, French poivre, Dutch peper, and other similar forms. In the 16th century, pepper started referring to the unrelated New World chile peppers as well. "Pepper" was used in a figurative sense to mean "spirit" or "energy" at least as far back as the 1840s; in the early 20th century, this was shortened to pep.[3] A pepper burr mill or burr pepper grinder is a device to grind hard, small food products between two revolving abrasive surfaces separated by a distance usually set by the user. The grinder may be powered electrically or manually. Devices with rapidly rotating blades which chop repeatedly are often described as grinders, but should be distinguished from burr grinders. Burr mills do not heat the ground product by friction as much as blade grinders, and produce particles of a uniform size determined by the separation between the grinding surfaces. Food burr mills are usually manufactured for a single purpose: coffee mills for coffee beans, pepper mills, mills for coarse salt, spice mills. Coffee mills are usually powered by electric motors; domestic pepper, salt, and spice mills, used to sprinkle a little seasoning on food, are usually operated manually, sometimes by a battery motor. |
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